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1920 Garfagnana earthquake
The 1920 Garfagnana earthquake (also known as the Lunigiana earthquake) occurred on September 7 in Garfagnana and Lunigiana, both agricultural areas in the Italian Tuscany region. The quake hypocenter was located beneath Villa Collemandina. The maximum felt intensity was rated as X (''Extreme'') on the Mercalli intensity scale, and 6.6 on the Richter magnitude scale. It was one of the most destructive seismic events recorded in the Apenninic region in the twentieth century. Due to good news coverage, availability of official documents on the damage and abundance of recordings from surveillance stations throughout Europe, it was regarded as a first-rate case study to improve knowledge of tectonics and macroseismic analysis.〔
==Geology==
The epicenter of the 1920 earthquake lay within the inner zone of the Northern Apennines, which has been affected by extensional tectonics since the Late Miocene to Pliocene epochs. This extension is a result of the same process that opened the Tyrrhenian Sea during the same period, the rollback of the subducting Adriatic Plate. The continuing extension has resulted in a series of northwest-southeast trending normal faults bounding basins filled by the Pliocene to recent sediments. Near Garfagnana, there are two such basins, the Serchio and Magra grabens. The 1920 event is thought to have ruptured the east-dipping Casciana-Sillicano fault on the southwestern boundary of the Serchio graben. Lunigiana and Garfagnana are part of the Apennines, a mountain area located above a subduction zone between the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian tectonic plates. The region, crossed by different systems of active faults, is mainly mountainous and rocky, with noticeable variations in soil composition.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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